Myths According to Joseph Campbell

Kevin Gerbier What is a myth? When one thinks of a myth perhaps one thinks about a story being told by the fire, or a dramatic tale about an invincible hero, or perhaps a cosmological occurrence that caused everything to be. Personally, when I think of the word myth, I think of the ancient Greeks or Romans with their many gods and goddesses; however, to most, the story being told by a myth is simply that, just a story.To most the term â€Å"myth† has been confused for a legend or folklore. The truth of the matter is however, that to religious scholars, a myth is more than just a story; a myth is how a society’s religion came to explain what seemed the inexplicable. With modern science booming and being capable of explaining the events that our ancestors could not, there has been a mix up on the term â€Å"myth† and on the function that it plays in the religious backbone.As a scientist, when I hear the word myth or that something is simply a myth, I understand tha t as being false or completely untrue; or, when people in south America are told the horrendous story of the â€Å"chupa cabra† that is simply disregarded as a â€Å"myth,† a folklore invented by someone who may have seen an animal they did not know and simply disguised it as a monster. The reality of the matter however, is that, scholarly, a myth is as true as anything else can be. This does not necessarily mean that when one hears the story of the great flood it literally means that god flooded the entire world.A myth can be based on historical facts or none at all; the facts are not what make a myth true but it is the story that inspired it and the content of it. A myth is simply a metaphorical poem telling a story that explains the human encounter with the unknown. This is where the religious aspect ties in with the scholarly view of myths. Every religion has it’s own story or â€Å"myth† on how the universe was created, how humans came to be, where l ife came from, and so on. These stories show a kind of relationship with the supernatural and the mortal beings.Myths began as stories that were told by word of mouth; eventually however, they began to be written and in a religion’s sacred writings. From these written down myths, the teachers or the wise from each religion can interpret the metaphorical story that has been passed down from older generations of that religion and enlighten those who follow it. The importance of myths is how it functions and plays a role in a particular religion and society. Joseph Campbell was a mythologist and a writer. He believed that myth was in fact non-fiction and that it played a great role in how it functioned with religion and beliefs.He wrote The Hero’s Journey where he outlined four major components that gave a function to myths. These were that, first myths produce a mystical function, myths also have a cosmological function, myths posses a sociological function, and finally myths have a psychological function according to joseph Campbell. The mystical function of myth is meant to keep the believer in awe and be able to experience first hand the power of the divine through the story. The stories are meant to engage the listener or reader so that they can relate to an extent beyond their comprehension.This function places the believer in a humble state when the realization of how miniscule they are compared to their â€Å"god. † The mystical function unites the believer with the â€Å"transcendent reality† to which they originated from. This function is meant to instill a sense of faith to that which cannot be directly seen but is felt when engaged in the story. The cosmological function of myth is one that can be seen less in our advanced society due to all the scientific research that has discredited many of the sacred texts’ stories on creation and many other subjects the divine.For example, the Christian myth about the Garden of Eden, Adam, Eve, and the forbidden tree could once have been seen as factually true. With modern science as an ally, we are no longer confined to that story as an explanation to our beginnings. The cosmological function however is meant to do just that, narrate a divine story that explains that which inexplicable at the time the story was created. The third function of myths is the sociological function; this function of myths can be trivial and sometimes twisted and turned for a select group’s own benefit.Not only do the metaphorical stories told in myth explain how the world functions or came to be per say, but also they leave teachings of social order and divine order. An example of this can be seen in the Bible where homosexuality is said to be an â€Å"abomination. † This type of lesson leads the believers in straying away from that sort of behavior because their god frowns upon it. The sociological function is also meant to build a better society by instilling a sense of morals, ethics, and customs upon the people.The problem with this type of function arises when zealots begin to use the rules and orders set in their sacred texts to their selfish needs and neglect the rest. The final function of myths is that they possess a psychological function and this may perhaps be the most important one of the set. This functions links the believer with him/herself and helps them with internal struggles they may have at some point by being able to relate to a â€Å"hero† in the mythological story.Such hero can be seen in the story of Lot found in the bible; Lot faced many hardships and struggles because god was testing his faith through them. Once his struggles were through and god saw that Lot did not lose faith in him, Lot was rewarded in multiple amounts to more than what he had before his hardships. This kind of story tells the believer that no matter what they might be going through they are being tested for a greater purpose. This is the type of self lesson that the psychological function of myths posses.The term â€Å"myth† is a term that is thrown around very loosely in our society to describe something that may be untrue or with a fictitious background. As discussed, the term is much more than that and has some truth to it. Stories in myths were told as metaphors and had truthful insights and lessons behind them. Myths serve a mystical, cosmological, social, and psychological function that allows believers to relate to the stories in a much different level. A divine level perhaps. Myths connect the believer to their divine entity, to the society they are living in, and to themselves.

Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Essay

The average global temperature has risen about 0.50C in the last century, and scientists expect another increase of 1 to 40C in the next 100 years due to increasing pollution in our atmosphere. Greenhouse Effect: * Greenhouse gases allow the passage of incoming solar short-wavelength radiation but absorb some of the reflected infrared radiation and reradiate it back to the Earth’s surface. * Energy is then reradiated in the lower atmosphere causing an increase in temperature and climatic change. Hence, contributing to global warming. http://www.wwnorton.com/college/chemistry/gilbert2/contents/ch09/studyplan.asp Greenhouse Gases: 1. Water (H2O) 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) 3. Methane (CH4) 4. Nitrous oxide (N2O) 5. CFCs 6. Ozone (O3) Greenhouse Gas Sources: Greenhouse Gas Human Sources Natural Sources Water 1.Combustion of hydrocarbons 1.Evaporation of oceans and lakes Carbon dioxide Burning of- 1.Fossil fuels 2. Forest fires 3. Wood 4. Waste. 1.Respiration. 2.Decay of organic matter. 3.Natural forest fires Methane 1.Cattle farming 2.Rice paddies 3.Petroleum 4.Natural gas production Decay of organic matter- 1.Swamps 2.Marshes Nitrous oxide 1.Use of nitrogen based fertilizers. 2.Combustion of biomass. 1.Bacterial Action CFCs 1.Refrigerants 2.Propellants Ozone 1.Secondary pollutant in photochemical smog’s Greenhouse Gas Effects: Greenhouse gas effects depend on both their concentration (abundance) in the atmosphere and on their ability to absorb heat radiation. However, each molecule has its own type of bond, they each absorb at slightly different frequencies and wavelengths. Gas Heat trapping effectiveness compared with CO2 Overall contribution to increased global warming. Water 0.1 >1% Carbon dioxide 1 50% Methane 30 18% Nitrous oxide 150 6% CFCs 2000 12% Ozone 10,000 – 25,000 14% 1. Water= has the most over all contribution to global warming as it has a high concentration. 2. Carbon dioxide= is the most important green house gas as contributes 50% to global warming and has second largest concentration. 3. CFCs= are thousands of times better at absorbing heat/ infrared radiation than CO2 – BUT they have a lower concentration; hence, their effect is limited to 14%. Greenhouse effect is determined by: * Concentration of chemical * Lifespan of chemical. * Ability to absorb infrared radiation * Intensity of absorption * Number of wavelengths absorbed depends on the molecules bonds. ‘Atmospheric Window Region’ = is the region within the spectrum through which radiation can escape. Example: Methane and CFCs have a greater greenhouse factor than CO2 and H2O because they absorb in the ‘atmospheric window region’. CFC fills this window. Methane is 30x more effective in its green house effect as it has 4 C-H bonds, which means it can absorb more at a certain frequency. Influence of Gases on Global Warming: 1. Increase in temperature by about 0.5 degree. 2. Increase in precipitation 3. Rise in sea levels- melting of glaciers/ ice caps/ thermal expansion of water 4. Changes in crop yields 5. More severe droughts 6. More floods and storms 7. Changes in distribution of pathogens and insects (e.g. malaria). Influence of Particulates on Temperature: 1. Particulates= volcanic dust. 2. It scatters and reflects incoming sunlight (UV and visible) so less solar radiation can enter the atmosphere. 3. It lowers atmospheric temperature as provides condensation nuclei around which water particles condense to form clouds reducing solar heating. 4. Volcanic eruptions & forest fires- increases number of particulates.

The study as an Undergraduate Student at Brooks Institute Essay

The study as an Undergraduate Student at Brooks Institute - Essay Example During the three-year journey of professional photography at Brooks Institute, I felt myself to be growing from an amateur photographer who shots everything he sees, to an advertising-oriented photographer who now has a clear focus on still-life and product photography. The credit for this goes to the great instructors at the Brooks Institute. With their guidance, I produced a body of work that can proudly be presented in the graduation review panel. In summer 2014, I was thrilled to get an opportunity of working as an intern with Bill Cahill (a top-class product photographer in Los Angeles, California) to get a hands-on experience in the advertising industry. I was of the view that everything will turn out to be perfectly fine after I graduate in August. At this point, however, I met Norman Maslovs; a successful businessman who represents numerous world’s leading photographers. Norman’s assertion was that photographers, who have a collection of fine-art work, always draw more attention of the art buyers and agencies than the ones who only work in the commercial sector. Norman’s words broadened my vision of the photographic world and I was convinced that a blend of commercial and fine art photography would give me a spark in the industry. I came to the conclusion that fine art together with my commercial photography background would lead me to a better photography career in the long run. Consequently, keeping in view Norman’s advice I decided to pursue my study further to earn a graduate degree in Fine Art related Photography. During my affiliation with the Brooks Institute, I have always been profoundly interested in works of arts that were made by master students of fine arts. I feel that that photograph of a dead chicken lying in a wooden box (The Recipe Can Change, by Hugo Martinez) or a shattered ambrotype of a railway (Disconnected, by Cyndi Di Micco) are both amazing to look at. Having figured out the meaning behind such pieces of arts, my desire to appreciate such artworks has always increased.  

Organisational Design Problem Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Design Problem - Coursework Example The internal structures did not change to match the growth of the company like required for successful global expansions. As observed, the corporate culture left loopholes where the inferior performers get rewarded while the productive employees get penalized. The core value of the organizational structure is to ensure that activities like task allocation, coordination, and supervision get stirred towards achieving goals of an organization. As such, the structure of an organization is critical to the performance and operational modes. The structure is known to affect an organization in two positive dimensions. The first dimension is that it offers a foundation for the development of standard operating procedures and routines. The second dimension is the determination that individuals handle a certain task and decision-making process. The structure ensures that it defines the extent with which these views shape the organization’s choice (Campbell and Craig, 2005). There are several challenges faced by the company due to rapid expansion and poor organizational structure. When an organizational structure does not coincide with facts evolving in operational action, it leads to poor performance when the company is expanding (Armstrong, 1996). COY’s inadequate organizational structure hampered cooperation regarding the established centers and the headquarters. Consequently, it leads to the hindrance of completion of defined operations (Peris-Ortiz and Sahut, n.d.). The structure results in a lag in time and misuse of resources when poorly implemented. As such, the organizational structure should be adaptive to the process requirements. The primary aim would involve optimizing the ratio of effort and input to output (Bahram Ranjbarian, 2011). Normally, the strategy of a company that has poorly implemented its organizational structure will change but the

UN Convention on the Assignment of Receivables Essay

UN Convention on the Assignment of Receivables - Essay Example It, most likely, is the uniform law convention with the greatest influence on the law of worldwide trans-border commerce, and in some countries lawyers and courts are today as familiar with the Convention as they are with their domestic law - it is the lingua franca of sales. Part of the success is or might be due to the simple requirements of application of the Convention, encoded in articles 1 to 6, which have become a model followed in other international conventions or draft conventions. They are simple in their basic structure, although not without some tricky details which require explanation. These application requirements will be the topic of this short introduction to the Convention.1 Article 1(1) (a) UN law for receivables requires only that the parties have their places of business in different contracting states that is states which have enacted the Convention. With 65 contracting states, now many sales contracts of U.K traders with foreign parties (for example in Australia, Asia, the United States or Europe) are governed by the Convention. Neither the nationality of the parties nor their qualification as merchants influences the application of the Convention, although consumer purchases are almost always excluded from the Convention. The parties' places of business in different states are, in other words, decisive, so that a U.K firm, having its relevant place of business in Australia, when concluding a contract with a firm in Wellington, might find its contract governed by the UN law for receivables. Also, the contract must be a "sale of goods", which normally does not pose problems, but there are borderline cases, with which I shall deal later, and an important extension to mixed contracts under article 3(2) of the UN law for receivables. Parties in Different States The predecessors of the UN law for receivables, the so-called Hague Sales Laws of 1964 - which were ratified by only nine states - used as the main requirement for application only that the parties were residing in different states, thus making it possible that parties from different states, which had not enacted the Uniform Sales Law, might have found their contract governed by this uniform law alien to both of them and to their countries. Therefore, this imperialistic claim of the old uniform sales laws was rejected in the preparation of the UN sales law, but not entirely.2 Article 1(1)(b) states that the UN law for receivables [page 782] is applicable, if the parties are situated in different states - which need not be contracting states, if the conflict of law rules of the forum lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. Thus, if there is a contract between a Japanese and an English trader subject - on account of a clause in the contract - to

Bilston case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bilston case study - Essay Example . In addition, the company must characterized some of the costs as fixed costs. The fixed cost are electricity, general and administrative, rent, depreciation expense, interest expense, and other factory costs. The company must some fo the costs as fixed costs. The variable cost are labor cost, raw materials, and repairs (Abele 2008). II. The standard contribution marging includes the variable costs and the fixed costs elements. Table 1 shows that the contribution margin for the wood screws is .0117. This is arrived at by deducting the variable costs from the revenues. The variable costs are the labour cost, raw materials costs, and the repairs costs. Table 2 shows that the contribution margin for Self Taffers is 0.0251. This is arrived at by deducting the variable costs from the revenues. The variable costs are the labour cost, raw materials costs, and the repairs costs. Table 3 shows that the contribution margin for the wood screws is .0118. This is arrived at by deducting the vari able costs from the revenues. The variable costs are the labour cost, raw materials costs, and the repairs costs. Display of the company’s Profit and loss account for 2009 in contribution format. Table 4 shows that company’s profits and loss account for 2009 for its wood screws products. The company generated profit of 295 for the said year. Table 5 shows the revenues of its self taffers products for the year 2009. Table 6 shows the company’s Nuts and Bolts division’s profits and loss account for 2009 for its wood screws products. The company generated a loss of (219) for the said year. Table 6 shows the revenues of its self taffers products for the year 2009. The above discussions show that the company did not fare well in the two remaining product lines. On the other hand, the company did well in one of the three products scrutinized (Besley, 2008). III. Discussion of the company’s proposal to drop one of its failing products. Starting in January 2010 (based on 2009 figures). The company should not drop the nuts and bolts in January 2010 if the basis for the dropping is the 2009 annual income statement result. Continuing with production of the nuts and bolts generates a lesser loss of only 219.00 However, dropping the nuts and bolts section of the company’s production department would force the company to continue paying the fixed expenses. The fixed expenses are higher than the net loss of only 219.00 (Dubrin, 2008). IV. Discussion on whether the company should reduce prices of the wood screws to ?2.25 in the second half of 2010. The company should drop the price from to the lower 2.25. The lower price will generate a higher volume of revenues from 750 units to the higher 1,000 units. In addition the results of operations at 2.25 is higher than the results of operations for the prior higher selling price of 2.45 (Khan, 2006). V. The company’s total company profit forecast for second half 2010 assuming the pri ce of woodscrews is dropped to ?2.25, again taking account of the variances. Table 7 shows that company’s woodscrews products will be sold at a lower selling price of ?2.25. The table 7 financial statement shows that reducing the price from 2.45 to 2.25 is a good management decision. The reduction in the selling prices generates an in crease in the revenues by 250,000 units. The results of operations for the 2.25 price is better than the result sof operations pegged at 2.45 price (Moyer, 2009). IV. Long term prospects for Bilston.The fixed

Engineering design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Engineering design - Assignment Example This is a crucial step in the design process since it will give aguideof achieving the design’s goals. Questionnaires as a research methodology were chosen for this case. It emerged a suitable method because sufficiently large amount of information can be collected from a large group and within a short span of time as well as in a cost effective way. The data obtained from this method could also be easily and more scientifically analysed (Ketchent.et.al, 1996). To minimize any risk of harm to the user, it was decided that the kettle should have a shield just below the handle. This prevents any burns due to steam from boiling water/tea. In addition, all the electrical components should not be exposed nor get in contact with the water. The inside of the kettle will be made of thick plastic and the outside a coating of polished stainless steel. This ensures a good strength to avoid any physical damage. As stated, this kettle has two heatersthat may work independently, and this will increase the life of the coils. This mechanism consists of the initial starting ‘on’ ‘off’ switch and a thermostat controlled switching. Some old kettles do not have an automatic shut-off mechanism, which requires the user to switch it off when the water has boiled. After brainstorming and analysis of other various switching mechanisms, two possible switching designs were selected and they are outlined below. These concepts were chosen to meet the customers requirements as well as follow engineering specifications as outlined previously. This mechanism involves theuse of a bimetallic thermostat, which is integrated into the element unit usually at the bottom. It consists of a disc bonded together and areusually of two different metals where one expands faster than the other does. When the hot water reaches the boiling point, the produced steam hits this thermostat making it flex in theopposite direction thus disconnecting the contacts cutting off the electric current

Don't Ask, Don't Tell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Don't Ask, Don't Tell - Essay Example It is important to note that at the time of implementation, this was only a policy, and not a law! According to it, neither was anybody allowed to investigate the sexual orientation of the members in service in US military, nor the members would discuss it with anybody. Thus, if gays and lesbians were to serve in the US military, they would have to keep their sexual concerns unrevealed. Contrary to this policy, the law did not prevent the US military soldiers from being interrogated about their sexual orientation (Burrelli). This has conventionally remained a very controversial subject on political grounds. For a long time, the number of US military soldiers who would be discharged for the charge of homosexuality was readily dropping until 1993. From 1993 onwards, US military soldiers have increasingly been discharged for being homosexual till 2001. In order to put forward a sufficiently comprehensive account of the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, it is imperative that th e reaction of American nation towards the policy is studied. According to (Mccabe), the opinion of public regarding the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy can be classified into three types. ... The three types of opinions can be referred to in one word as â€Å"permissive†, â€Å"restrictive† and â€Å"prohibitive† respectively (Mccabe). Two main questions have conventionally been put in front of public to offer their opinion upon in the public polls. One of them inquires if the gays and lesbians should be allowed to openly serve the US military. This question essentially asks the public to convey their opinion with the condition that the servitude is â€Å"open†. Thus, if someone answers in negative, it is not clear if he/she would have maintained the same response for those gays and lesbians who would keep their sexual orientation unrevealed while serving in the US military. In this way, the wording used in aforementioned question distinguishes the permissible opinion from the restrictive and prohibitive opinions. The second question asks the public if gays and lesbians should or should not be allowed to serve the US military without any indica tion of open or restricted expression of sexuality. In this case, when someone says that they should be allowed to serve, it is not clear if he/she would maintain the same response if the question mentioned that the gays and lesbians would openly express their sexual orientation. In this way, this statement distinguishes the prohibitive opinion from the permissive and restrictive opinions. Since the time of implementation of the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, a number of Washington Post polls and ABC News polls have been conducted in which the American public was asked to respond to the two aforementioned questions simultaneously. Comparison of the findings of these surveys makes it possible for one to simultaneously analyze

Social Entreprenuerism Writtien Assignments 2-5 Coursework

Social Entreprenuerism Writtien Assignments 2-5 - Coursework Example Production should be at a reasonable cost without compromising the quality of products or services. In addition, after the production, the products or services should be made accessible to the prospect market at the required time (Jay & Gillian 2012). This would enable the business to remain competitively advantaged within the industry. As the company maximizes on achievement of results, it should also focus on remaining socially irrelevant. The company should be able to identify its weaknesses in ensuring that it meets its set objectives. For example, the costs of production should not outweigh the revenue flow (Jay & Gillian 2012). The products of the company should also remain relevant to the market to ensure that the business remains on top of its competitors. Each market or field of operation in a business has external opportunities. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that the business has a mechanism of exploiting such opportunities. However, the business should only adopt such responsibilities if they embrace the social value equation of the business (Jay & Gillian 2012). It is not prudent to pursue opportunities that present potential threats to the business, either internally or in the external environment (Jay & Gillian 2012). The threats that arise in a business present the organization with an opportunity to develop counter measures that will enable the business to be relevant and retain its competitive advantage. A Cooperative strategy refers to a strategy where different firms work together to achieve a common objective. It is an attempt by companies to realize their goals and objectives by cooperating with other organizations instead of competing with them. Cooperative strategies are significant for firms competing in the global economy. However, discussions show that they are prone to failures due to their complexities

Racism in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Racism in the United States - Research Paper Example All other races at one point exhibit racist tendencies towards the Caucasians and among themselves. As far as the government is concerned there is no racism as the law is quite clear that it is illegal. As compared to earlier times of slavery and periods before the 1960s (when civil rights movements were most vocal), open racism has subsided in a huge way. Its form has also changed to be more covertly and technically portrayed than before. The education system, the justice system, health sector and the corporate sector in the United States are some sectors where many feel racism still exists. Immigration issue has also played a role towards racism. Campaigns against and for immigration have on numerous occasions centered on racism. These are some of the issues that lead to the discussion as to whether racism still exists in the United States since they touch on the lives of many. Racism in the US still exists but in a more subtle way as compared to yesteryears and past centuries, and it is manifested in all races not just Caucasians versus all others. Racism puts those being discriminated against in positions of uncertainty and sheer difficulty. Racists work towards ensuring the system is water tight to prevent success of the minority groups. Minority groups are blocked from fully participating in the education system, health system, corporate sector and other realms of social development, for example, politics. These scenarios are quite well depicted in Ellison’s Battle Royal. The author here tries to portray the life of an ordinary but eloquent and learned African American back in the early 20th century. At first the story informs that the young man is optimistic that, with his talent and education, the society will accommodate him. The society here means the whites in the boy’s community, and this is clearly illustrated when he says, â€Å"I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington† (Ellison 939). The state of social affairs is also deduced from humility being the key point in his speech. The story further depicts the hard position in which racism put African Americans by stating that the audiences at the battle royal were divided on whether the fighters were to look at the naked girl dancing in front of them. This scenario saw a portion of the audiences order the fighters to look at the girl while the other portion ordered them not to do so owing to the belief that it is a taboo for an African American to stare at the nakedness of a white woman. The author stated â€Å"some threatened us if we looked and others if we did not. On my right I saw one boy faint† (Ellison 940). This taboo among many others, mostly in the Southern States, was meant to distant other races from marrying the whites and as tools to harass African American men. The Southern states has such high levels of discrimination against African Americans that even after the Civil Rights marches, many still lost their lives and a gr eat deal of their properties including houses all for in the name of white women pursuance. The minority groups have for decades received promises of better lives and a bigger share of the national cake with no tangible evidence of these promises’ fulfillments. This is depicted by the fact that the gold coins are only made of brass thereby showing deception toward the African Americans. It is also clear that the African Ameri

Competition Act Case Essay Example for Free

Competition Act Case Essay In a telling judgement, the Supreme Court of India, on Sep. 9, 2010, has effectively and judiciously circumscribed the boundaries of exercise of power by both the Competition Commission of India (CCI/Commission) and the Competition Appellate Tribunal (â€Å"the Tribunal†) while delivering its verdict in the much awaited case Competition Commission of India v. Steel Authority of India Ltd. This Note captures the highlights of the decision for readers of this Blog! Background: The Court was hearing an appeal by the CCI against the order dated Feb. 15, 2010 of the Tribunal in Steel Authority of India Ltd. v. Jindal Steel Power Ltd. Jindal Steel had filed a complaint before CCI alleging anti-competitive practices and abusive behaviour by SAIL while it entered into an exclusive supply agreement with Indian Railways. Upon receipt of the complaint/information, CCI issued notice to SAIL to furnish certain information for within two weeks from the date of receipt of such notice. SAIL requested for an extension of time upto six weeks to file the required information. CCI in its meting deliberated on the request and decided not to grant any further extension. In the said meeting CCI also formed a prima facie opinion on the existence of the case and directed the Director General (DG) to inquire into the matter pursuant to its powers under Section 26(1) of the Competition Act, 2002 (â€Å"the Act†). SAIL challenged this direction before the Tribunal claiming that CCI could not have formed a prima facie opinion without hearing it first. SAIL also contended that CCI has not recorded any reasons while forming the prima facie opinion and that the time provided by CCI to file information was grossly inadequate. While filing the appeal before Tribunal, SAIL did not implead CCI as a party. CCI thus filed an application before Tribunal for impleading itself as a necessary and proper party and also assailed the very maintainability of appeal. The Tribunal, in its detailed order, holding that even the direction to inquire was appealable under Section 53A(1) of the Act noted that CCI could not have directed the DG to inquire into the complaint without having heard SAIL. It further noted that CCI was neither a necessary nor a proper party in appeals filed by an aggrieved party before the Tribunal. The Tribunal also noted that CCI did not record any reasons while declining to grant extension of time and hence it in violation of principles of natural justice. Appeal before the Supreme Court: Aggrieved by the order of the Tribunal, CCI approached the Supreme Court which framed six broad issues noting some of the allied issues raised by the parties: (i) Whether the direction passed by the Commission u/s. 26(1) of the Act while forming prima facie opinion would be appealable u/s/ 53A(1) of the Act? (ii) What is the scope of the power vested with Commision u/s. 26(10 of the Act and whether parties including the informant and other affected parties are entitled to notice at the stage of formation of prima facie opinion? (iii) Whether the Commission would be necessary or at least a proper part in proceedings before the Tribunal? (iv) At what stage and in what manner the Commission can exercise its powers u/s. 33 of the Act while passing interim orders? (v) Whether it is obligatory for the Commission to record reasons while forming prima facie opinion? (vi) What directions, if any, need to be issued by the Court for ensuring proper compliance of the procedural requirements while keeping in mind the scheme and object of the Act? The Verdict: Issue 1: The Court made an exhaustive study of the scheme and the provisions of the Act and rules of statutory interpretation, noted the distinction between â€Å"and† and â€Å"or†, referred to Indian, UK and European decisions to unearth settled principles of law and finally concluded that Section 53A(1) of the Act expressly provides for what decisions or orders or directions may be appealed before Tribunal. The Court noted that right to appeal is a substantive right which derives its legitimacy from the operation of law or statute. If the Statute does not provide for an appeal, the Court cannot presume such right. The direction to cause an investigation into a matter is passed under Section 26(1) of the Act does not determine any right or obligation of the parties to the lis. It does not find mention in Section 53A(1) of the Act and hence, the Court found that such orders would not be appealable under the Act. Issue 2 and 5: The Court noted that the exclusion of principles of natural justice (PNJ) is a well known concept and the legislature has the competence to enact such laws. Whether the exclusion of application of PNJ would vitiate the entire proceedings would depend upon the nature and facts of every case in the light of the Act or Rules and Regulation applicable to the case. The Court, then, read into various provisions of the Act and the Competition Commission of India (General) Regulations, 2009 in order to determine the nature of functions of the Commission under various provisions. The Court found that at the face of it, the exercise of power u/s. 26(1) of the Act while forming prima facie opinion is inquisitorial and regulatory. It held that while forming prima facie opinion, the Commission does not condemn anyone. This function is not adjudicatory in nature but merely administrative. This function is in the nature of preparatory measures in contrast to the decision making process and hence right of notice of hearing is not contemplated u/s. 26(1) of the Act. On the issue of reasons to be recorded at the stage of forming prima facie opinion, the Court held that the Commission must express its mind in no uncertain terms that it is of the view that prima facie case exists. Such opinion should be formed on the basis of the records, including the information furnished and reference made to the Commission. The reasons may not be in detail but there must be minimum reasons substantiating the view of the Commission. Issue 3: The Court reiterated the settled position of law relating necessary party and proper party. A necessary party is one without whom no order can be made effectively whereas a proper party is one in whose absence an effective order can be made but whose presence is necessary for a complete and final decision on the question involved in the proceeding. Applying the principle of dominus litus, the Court then noted that in cases where the Commission initiates a proceedings suo moto it shall be the proper party. In all other proceedings, it shall be a necessary party. Issue 4: On powers of the Commission u/s. 33, the Court noted in following terms: â€Å"During an inquiry and where the Commission is satisfied that the act is in contravention of the provisions stated in Section 33 of the Act, it may issue an order temporarily restraining the party from carrying on such act, until the conclusion of such inquiry or until further orders without giving notice to such party, where it deems it necessary. This power has to be exercised by the Commission sparingly and under compelling and exceptional circumstances. The Commission, while recording a reasoned order inter alia should : (a) record its satisfaction (which has to be of much higher degree than formation of a prima facie view under Section 26(1) of the Act) in clear terms that an act in contravention of the stated provisions has been committed and continues to be committed or is about to be committed; (b) It is necessary to issue order of restraint and (c) from the record before the Commission, it is apparent that there is every likelihood of the party to the lis, suffering irreparable and irretrievable damage or there is definite apprehension that it would have adverse effect on competition in the market.† Issue 6: One of the major outcomes of the case relates to the Court’s recognition and affirmation of the expeditious disposal of complaints filed before the Commission. The Court found this to be a fit case to issue certain guidelines in the larger interest of the justice administration. These directions weigh special worth in the light of the fact the Commission, even after more than one year of the enforcement of the operative provisions of the Act, has not issued its order in a single contentious case. The Court passed following guidelines: (a) Even though the time period for forming prima facie opinion by the Commission is provided in the Regulations (i.e. 60 days from the date of filing information) it is expected of the Commission to hold its meetings and record its opinion about existence or otherwise of a prima facie case within a period much shorter than the stated period. (b) All proceedings including investigation and inquiry by the Commission/DG must be completed expeditiously while securing the objectives of the Act. (c) Wherever during the course of inquiry the Commission exercises its jurisdiction to pass interim orders, it should pass a final order in that behalf as expeditiously as possible and in any case not later than 60 days. (d) The reports by the Director General u/s. 26(2) should be submitted within the time as directed by the Commission but in all cases not later than 45 days from the date of passing of directions in terms of Section 26(1) of the Act. (e) The Commission/DG shall maintain complete confidentiality as envisaged u/s. 57 of the Act and Regulation 35 of the Regulations. Wherever the ‘confidentiality’ is breached, the aggrieved party certainly has the right to approach the Commission for issuance of appropriate directions in terms of the provisions of the Act and the Regulations in force. Reading between the Lines: The verdict of the Apex Court bears immense significance given the timing of and issues involved in the judgement. It may be noted that both â€Å"competition law and policy† and the Commission are at a very nascent stage within the broad regulatory matrix of Indian economy. The judgement of the Supreme Court has rightly echoed the sentiments of proponents of free and fair market economy and it shall go in long way to effective sketch the competition law landscape in the country. At this point, I would like draw some conclusions which may not seem apparent at the face of it. They are as follows: (i) The Court, in its opening paragraphs, notes the importance of competition law and policy for any free market economy referring to three types of efficiencies: i.e. allocative, productive and dynamic. The Court observes that the main objective of competition law is to promote economic efficiency using competition as one of the means of assisting the creation of market responsive to consumer preferences. While it may be too early to conclude, but this certainly indicates that Indian Courts are going to lean towards Chicago School of Thought in the Chicago-Harvard dichotomy. It is the Chicago School of Economists which has brought the efficiency test as a dominant factor in last three decades in US Courts. (ii) While highlighting the aims of competition law, the Court makes a mention of the relevant laws of other jurisdictions including that of USA, UK and Australia. It would not be far-fetched to argue that the Court has indirectly hinted that in future, it shall definitely take into account the competition law jurisprudence developed in these jurisdictions while deciding contentious issues. That the Supreme Court is going to rely on EU and US Court decisions while explaining the substantive concepts involved in competition law is further strengthened by the fact that the Court referred to two decisions EU courts i.e. CFI and ECJ in its very first judgement related to the new Act even when there was no substantive concept of competition law as such involved. Remarks: (i) The Court has very effectively defined the ambit and scope of the powers of the Commission and the Tribunal at the stage of forming of prima facie opinion. No jurisdiction generally allows challenging the direction passed by the competition authorities to initiate investigation. However, there may be cases where the amount of information to be filed would be voluminous and the Commission in such cases must provide adequate time. It is doubtful whether a person would be able to challenge the denial of extension of time by the Commission in such cases. (ii) In larger interest of justice administration, the Court passed certain directions till the Commission formulates its own regulations in that regard. Though such a step by the Court is quite welcome, but the timelines provided by the Court are quite unreasonable and strict. For example, the Court has directed that the DG must submit its report within 45 days u/s. 26(2) of the Act. This seems quite onerous to be implemented in practice. The collection of evidence and ascertainment of facts would require the DG to issue notices to relevant parties. Such parties would have to prepare their responses which they intend to file before DG. All this may not be done within 45 days of time period. (iii)Though I fully agree with the Court’s reasoning as to why Commission needs to give notice to parties at the time of forming prima facie opinion; the analysis seems to be incomplete as the judgement has not even referred to provisions of Section 36 of the Act. The Court should have analyzed the provisions of Section 36 while discussing the issue of compliance or non-compliance of PNJ. (iv)Finally, the Court also states that â€Å"as far as American law is concerned, it is said that the Sherman Act, 1890, is the first codification of recognized common law principles of competition law.† I do not want to sound picky, but to my limited knowledge, Canada was the first country to enact its Competition Act which was one year prior to the Sherman Act i.e. in 1889.

Imperialism In The Dominican Republic

Imperialism In The Dominican Republic Imperialism according to the definition of The Dictionary of Human Geography is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.(Johnston: 375) Europe is often accordable for its interest in gaining economic fulfillment and development and doing so by seeking out countries with rich land and obtainable territory. The Dominican Republic was a victim to European imperialism because of its possession of rich farmland and beautiful coast that provided an outstanding selling and trading ground. Affluent in tobacco and sugar, countless oversea investors and financiers made their way to the Dominican Republic to get a piece of the profit and establish their own businesses, especially towards the eastern side of DR which was accountable for the surplus creation of sugar. As wealthy as this country was in its goods such as tobacco, sugar and coffee, the y were incapable of withstanding a secure, unwavering economy. During the Dominican Independence War in 1844, the Dominican Republic was given independence from Haiti. Before this war, the entire island of Hispaniola had been underneath Haitian ruling for over 20 years. Helping to first inspire and then lead the war was a young, talented, nationalist named Juan Pablo Duarte. Together with Matà ­as Ramà ³n Mella and Francisco Del Rosario Sà ¡nchez, he established a group of individuals in 1838, devoted to oppose the invasion of Haiti, called La Trinitaria (The Trinity). Despite efforts to stay under the radar, the group was soon discovered and renamed itself La Filantrà ³pica (literally The Philanthropic, in Spanish), and continued its silent fight against the Haitians. With the help of a liberal Haitian party, the revolt made a giant step forward by overthrowing President Jean Pierre Boyer. Unfortunately, the Trinitarios had called a bit of attention to them and were noticed by Boyers stand-in, Charles Riviere-Hà ©rard who banished Duarte off the island after imprisoning multiple members of the Trinitarios. Though the rebels begged him to return, he could not because of an illness but this did not stop them. By February of 1843, they had decided to take matter into their own hands and by February 27th, 1844 the Dominicans were celebrating their independence. Part 2 Once The House of Bourbon had replaced the House of Habsburg in Spain in 1700, economic reforms that were newly introduced had begun to restore trade in Santo Domingo. (Leonce: 264) The restrictions that had initially been placed between Spain and the colonies were loosened and relaxed by the crown. In 1737, the last flotas sailed; soon after, the monopoly port system was abolished. These changes encouraged a large boost in emigration from the Canary Islands, especially by the middle of the century. There was a jump in the resettlement of the northern part of the colony and tobacco plantation in the Cibao Valley, even the importation of slaves was renewed. All of this led to the increase of Santo Domingos population which grew from 6,000 to about 125,000 between the years of 1737 and 1790. In this new population count, about 40,000 were white landowners, around 25,000 were black or mulatto freedmen, and almost 60,000 were slaves. Unfortunately, next to their wealthy French neighborin g colony, Saint-Domingue, which would become the wealthiest in the New World and held a population of almost four and half times greater? The principal market for Santo Domingos beef, mahogany, tobacco and hides exports was offered by the colonial elites of St. Domingue when restrictions on regal trade was relaxed. During the Haitian Revolution 1791, many rich urban families that had been associated with the colonial bureaucracy left the island, while most rural farmers and cattle ranchers, hateros as they were known locally, stayed. Spain saw this as a chance to take control of the entire, or at least, some of the western third of the island as to seek a convenient alliance with the British and the unruly slaves. However, after the French and slaves reconciled, the Spanish were conquered by Jacobin General Toussaint Louverture and by 1795, France claimed control of the entire Island under the Treaties of Basel. In 1801, LOuverture declared the eradication of slavery, on behalf of the French Republic, Soon after this, Napoleon dispatched an army which took over the entire island, taking it over for a few months. In October 1802, Mulattos and blacks rose up against these French once again and were victorious in November 1803 and declared Saint-Domingue the independent republic of Haiti on January 1, 1804. Even after this defeat, a small French stronghold remained in Santo Domingo. They managed to reestablish slavery and numerous Spanish colonists returned. In 1805, after crowning himself Emperor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines invaded Santo Domingo but was forced to retreat when faced by a French naval squadron. In their retreat, the Haitians sacked the towns of Santiago and Moca, killing most of the people who lived there. Due to this act, there has been animosity between the two countries for two centuries. Before Dominican independence, there was a period of time called, The Haitian Occupation. There were several independence plots prior to this but they all failed and on November 30, 1821, when Josà © Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Cà ¡ceres who was Santo Domingos past Lieutenant-Governor (which was top administrator), declared the colonys independence. Cà ¡ceres appealed that the new state gain admission to the republic of Gran Columbia, Simà ³n Bolà ­var, and though it passed and the Dominican Republic was now free from under Spains rule, in the February of 1822, led by Jean-Pierre Boyer, Haitian forces invaded nine weeks soon after. While the Haitians, had abolished slavery, much like how Toussaint Louverture had also done two decades previously, the Haitians had also nationalized most private property. This even include the property of landowners who fled in the beginning of the invasion; Church property; even property that belonged to previous rulers, the Spanish Crown. In attempt to boost profit, Boyer placed a large emphasis on cash crops rather than crops that were grown for consumption and had them grown on large plantations. He had the tax system reformed and allocated foreign trade. While it did increase the production and sales of sugar and coffee, Dominican farmers still strongly opposed this new system. Universities were shut down and lower levels of education also collapsed; the Haitian army was drafting many young Dominican men, especially from the ages of 16 to 25-years-old. These poor men were not even being treated in their camps properly, were heavily unpaid and had to forage and sack from local Dominical civilians. As much as they might have wanted to fight back and claim their freedom, they were without a leader and lacked the necessary guidance to revolt. Part 3 While it is true that the Dominican government has improved and made some substantial progress, according to the State Departments Country Report on Human Rights Practices focused on the year of 2004, human rights records are still fairly pitiable. Press reports on EFE News Service states that in 2004, there were 160 more people killed by the hands of police than there was in 2003. Sadly, not only is the use of physical abuse and torture continuing but even the conditions of prisons have ranged from poor to harsh when the fact is that there are overcrowded prison stations that are being made to held only 9,000 inmates are instead holding over 13,000. These horrid conditions only make a bad situation worse and the tension and the discomfort caused by being so close can only make angry people angrier. A result of 26 injuries and 133 deaths was the product of a fire that rival gangs set to show their discontent with their present situation in The Higà ¼ey jail, which was built in 1960 to house 80 inmates, but according to the director of prisons, Juan Ramà ³n de la Cruz Martà ­nez, it had a population of 426 on the morning of the fire.(NYT: There is also a social problem of human trafficking in the Dominican Republic. There is an approximated 50,000 women from the Dominican Republic apart of the overseas sex industry. After Thailand, Brazil and the Philippines, this is the fourth largest number in the world. Countless women from the Dominican Republic are trafficked to Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Austria. In fact, almost 10% of the 500 to 600 visas issued every year from the Netherlands to the Dominican nationals are for prostitution. There is a vicious cycle of women in the sex industry and the average age of women entering the sex industry from the Dominican Republic is between 24 and 28 years old. On average, these women have only completed primary school. When asked, most Dominican prostitutes give two main motivations for being in the sex industry; those who have children say it allows them to provide for their children. Then there are those without children who proclaim that they are doing it to buy a piece of land or a house for their parents. Most of the trafficked women also reported that their husband, father or boyfriend did not know exactly what kind of job they would be performed overseas, but did not ask; usually the husband, father or boyfriend received the money fro m the women abroad. Some of the women who returned to the Dominican Republic had been deported by the police while others were able to escape from the traffickers with the help of friends. Still many women are trapped and have no financial means of returning home, because they have no savings and are addicted to drugs and alcohol. Most of the trafficked women said that if they had known what they were actually getting into, they would have never went. It is only an undersized amount of the women that are actually able to hoard away money to bring back home with them, with amounts that range from US$300 to US$10 and this is after roughly one year in the sex industry. Some women are welcomed home when they return because they sent money from overseas and their new jewelry and clothes, or their familys new or improved house is an incentive for other young women to go into the sex industry. Part 4 A well-known commanding officer in the army, Rafael L. Trujillo, established supreme political control in 1930 and though he encouraged, economic growth and development for the country, only he and his supporters actually benefitted from it and it worked more to severely repress the domestic rights of civilians. Dishonesty and negligence to important details led to corruption and major economic tribulations. The Organization of American States took control of the situation and implemented political endorsements against the Dominican Republic as a consequence of Trujillos involvement in an endeavor to eliminate President Romulo Betancourt of Venezuela in the August of 1960. Within the borders of the Dominican Republic are about one million Dominicans and Dominican-Haitians whose treatment is the cause for the international criticism the Dominican Government has been receiving in the last few years. With influence from and similarity to the way Rafael Trujillo, benefitted from the work of others, the Dominican government continues to under-work undocumented, migrating Haitians and accept cheap labor. More than 90% of the countrys seasonal sugar workers and two thirds of its coffee workers are Haitians or Dominicans of Haitian origin. (Ribando: 3) The Directorate of Migration forced the deportation of more than 12,000 Haitians (including children) in 2002, in the Dominican Republic. According to President Fernandez and many other Dominican officials, the deletion of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in early 2004 has caused the increase of the amount of illegal migrants that were heading to D.R. which then caused an even larger strain on the already strained Dominican economy Part 5 Since independence in 1844, the United States has greatly influenced the Dominican Republics political standing in military. In the early 1900s, the U.S. sent their troops out into several nations and in an attempt to restore the initial civil order, entered such places as Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti and namely, the Dominican Republic. According to representatives of the United States at the time, they needed to take control of the finances in these nations so help prevent the possibility of uproar or chaos caused by money. The Dominican Republic is actually known for having the second largest economical standing in the Caribbean and Central American region. While previously known mostly for their sugar production, their bountiful economic growth is subjugated largely to services such as their telecommunication system. After the assassination of tyrant, Trujillo, as a result of the fear felt by the possibility of reprisal by Trujillos allies, one of the three later 20th century emigration waves began in 1961. In effort to end the civil war in 1965, the United States began a stronger military activity in the Dominican Republic. Due to this movement, travel restrictions were slackened which made obtaining a United States visa, which was once a reasonably difficult job, much easier. In the year 1966 to the year 1978, the emigrations continued which were stimulated by high rates of unemployment and political subjugation. Succeeding arrivals of immigrants to the United States were introduced and welcomed in the country by previous immigrants to the nation who had joined together and formulated a group. In the early 20th century, prices, the value of a dollar and the rate of unemployment all increased and supplied the third wave of emigration which continues to hang pretty high in the Dominic Republic to this very day.

Criminal Defense Attorney: Ethical Obligations

Criminal Defense Attorney: Ethical Obligations Thoroughly explain the difference between the ethical obligations of a defense attorney and the ethical obligations of a prosecutor. Explain how these different roles may affect their responsibilities in a criminal trial Obligations of the Defense Attorney The role of an attorney, as defined by society, can be seen threefold; a member of a legal profession, a representative of clients, and an officer of the judicial system with the responsibility of obtaining quality justice. These responsibilities do not differentiate based on the type of law that is practiced. These responsibilities go farther than merely representing a client in a criminal proceeding. An attorney must respect the need to seek the truth within a system that places justice as a core value. There are multiple roles that a criminal defense attorney must face and each role has distinct responsibilities in every action and every decision that is made. Role as Advocate The American Bar Association Criminal Justice Standards suggest that the defense attorney satisfies his duty to the administration of justice and as an officer of the court merely by serving as the accuseds counselor and advocate with courage and devotion and to render effective, quality representation. (Marcus, 2009) A few advocates take the position that the criminal lawyer has one assignment, enthusiastically speaking for the client, within the law, and state that the part of the criminal lawyers responsibility to secure the accused against the power of the government, directs the lawyers ethical commitments. Officer of the Court The criminal lawyer has obligations to the court and others to include the defendant. The officer of the court is required to decide on choices that reflect regard for the truth and the function of the trial procedure. The officer of the court is required to cease from including himself in distortion, misrepresentation, and deceptive nature. The officer of the court cant take an interest in perjurious declaration, and in the event that he gets to be distinctly mindful of his association then he should find a way to cure it. Minister of Justice The criminal defense lawyer is called to be a member of society with an extraordinary obligation to justice. Justice considers whether the issues of the substantive and procedural privileges of the accused have been ensured all through the legal procedure. Justice obliges adherence to the correct techniques and procedures, through which justice is proficient. Also, at last, it requires that false declaration or testimony would not be the premise of a fair conviction. Paying little mind to whether a criminal attorneys client is liable of the wrongdoing he or she is being accused or wrongly blamed, the lawyers occupation doesnt change: make the prosecution prove its case with sound contentions, genuine proof, and dependable declaration. Criminal lawyers have an impossibly troublesome task, as upsetting and candidly difficult as that of a Doctor who must save life, and have the capacity to watch a patient die under his surgical knife and come back to work again the following day. It doesnt deliver fulfillment or euphoria when lawyers see their blameworthy criminal client go free, ensured by the Constitutional denial against double jeopardy never to need to suffer discipline over shocking crimes. Be that as it may, they are not the villains and liars of the American justice system; they are its moral legends. Obligations of the Prosecutor The prosecutor must have the capacity to demonstrate the defendant is blameworthy past all doubt even though, prosecutors tend to be somewhat embellished and violate the laws of justice at any cost. Tragically, innocent individuals are put in a place of confessing to violations they didnt commit due to the attorney misconduct. Unfortunate behavior by prosecutors is typical inside the courts, a viable strategy that works to support them. It comprises of wrecking, changing or withholding proof, threatening defense witnesses in return for lesser sentences, training witnesses for the prosecution to give statements that help their evidence against the defendant. Eventually the defendant does not get a reasonable trial and is wrongly sentenced. Criminal convictions as of late have been toppled on account of violations by prosecutors regarding scientific evidence. A prosecutor has the ethical commitment to keep up a level of competent fitness in the courtroom. The Function of the Prosecutor The office of prosecutor is responsible with arraignments in its district. The prosecutor, along with the defense attorney, is a manager of justice, an advocate, and an officer of the court; the prosecutor must practice sound suspicion in the execution of his or her capacities. The obligation of the prosecutor is to look for justice, not simply to convict. It is an imperative of the prosecutor to look to change and enhance the organization of criminal justice. Whenever insufficiencies or treacheries in the substantive or procedural law become obvious, he or she must enhance endeavors for healing the negative activity. It is the obligation of the prosecutor to know and be guided by the guidelines of professional conduct as characterized by traditions, moral codes, and law in the prosecutors locale. In 1935, the case of Williams v. State cited a reasonable definition by stating; The prosecutor is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a peculiar and very definite sense the servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not escape or innocence suffers. He may prosecute with earnestness and vigor indeed, he should do so. But, while he may strike hard blows, he is not at liberty to strike foul ones. It is as much his duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one. References Marcus, M. (2009). The making of the ABA criminal justice standards. Criminal Justice, 23(4), 10. 295 U.S. 78, 88 (1935), cited in Williams v. State, 103 Nev. 106, 110, 734 P.2d 700, 703 (1987); see also RPC 3.8 (Special Responsibilities of Prosecutor); ABA Prosecution Function Standard ÂÂ § 3-1.2 (3d Ed. 1993); NDAA National Prosecution Standard ÂÂ § 1.1 (2d Ed. 1991).

Television and Fun :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A few decades ago television consisted of a small number of channels, today however there are more different channels than one can watch in a full day. Because a media company’s number one goal, like every other corporation, is to earn the largest profit possible, media companies use segmentation to target niche audiences. Moreover, fragmentation—the large increase in the number of channels—has also created niche audiences. So, what’s the big deal with fragmentation and audience segmentation? By creating niche audiences, both fragmentation and segmentation make advertisers’ jobs easier. For instance, if a company wants to advertise toys, then the company will buy airtime on the network Nickelodeon; since Nickelodeon has children’s programming. The creation of niche audiences produces certain social questions about free will and freedom of speech; because audience groups are created and constructed. The following paper wil l examine two cable networks, Comedy Central and Oxygen, to determine the effects of such programming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First off, Oh! The Oxygen Network aired the film Whale Rider on the night of Monday, April 5, 2004. The following will be an analysis of the advertisements that were shown from nine to ten o’clock, and thus one can determine which audiences were targeted. Whale Rider is a film about a young Maori girl that wants to be the next leader of her tribe, but is at the same time shown resistance from her grandfather. Paikea, the young girl, wants to participate in the training sessions conducted by her grandfather; but her grandfather is old fashioned and doesn’t believe that a girl can become the chief. Paikea knows that she is destined to be the next chief and gets in trouble a number of times for her relentless attempts at trying to participate in the exercises. The movie has a subplot dealing with the relationship between Paikea and her father, but the film mainly revolves around Paikea’s struggle to prove herself worthy to her grandfather Koro. E ven though Paikea is much better than the boys at performing the ceremonial exercises, her grandfather is blinded by his prejudice. The film ends with a herd of whales being attracted to Paikea and getting stranded on the beach. Koro finally accepts Paikea’s destiny when she risks her life by riding on the back of a whale to direct them back to the ocean. The advertisements that were aired during the film included weight loss products—such

Helena Blavatsky :: Ukraine Biographies Writers Authors Essays

Helena Blavatsky Helena Blavatsky was an intriguing woman from the country of Ukraine. She could be considered a nomad for her time; however, she was not interested in finding food and shelter. Helena wanted to find those who were considered spiritualists like herself. She lived from 1831-1891 and can be considered a very influential woman from her era. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky was born August 12, 1831 in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. Her father was Colonel Peter von Hahn and her mother was Helena Andreyevna von Hahn. Colonel von Hahn was a military man fighting in Poland when Helena was born. Her mother, often hurt by her husband’s absence and wrote about the turmoil of being a woman in her time. She published 8 novels by the time she faced an untimely death at the age of 27 as a highly regarded novelist. Helena’s mother knew from the time she was born that she was no average child. (3, 4, 5, 6) When Helena was born she was very weak and the people around doubted she would even live. Therefore, before the baby was even 24 hours old a baptism was held. Helena’s aunt, a young child, was asked to stand in as a godmother. During the ceremony, the child became restless and knocked over a candle without anyone noticing. The priest performing the baptism suffered severe burns when his robe caught fire. The people at Helena’s baptism saw this as a sign. She was nicknamed Lyola because her grandparents and servants thought she had powers. (6) As a child, she had great passion for magic and the unknown. She was often found playing by the river in Ekaterinoslav. She said she was playing with the russalkas whom were green haired nymphs thought to haunt the riverbanks. When servants and other children bothered her, she threatened to have the russalkas tickle them to death. (2) While Helena, her mother, sister, and brother traveled a lot due to her father’s military position, Helena was always happiest playing with the servants’ children and not the children of her rank and aristocracy.

To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination Essay -- Kill Moc

To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. One of the ways it accomplishes this is by dramatizing the main characters’, Scout and Jem’s, maturing transition from a perspective of childhood innocence. Initially, because they have never seen or experienced evil themselves, they assume that all people are good by nature and tolerant of others. It is not until they see things from a more realistic adult perspective that they are able to confront evil, as well as prejudice, and incorporate it into their understanding of the world (Castleman). As a result of this skillful literary portrayal by Harper Lee of the psychological transition from innocence to experience to realization, To Kill a Mockingbird succeeds admirably in portraying the very real threat that hatred, prejudice, and ignorance have always posed to the innocent. Simple, trusting, good-hearted characters such as Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are tragically unprepared. They are ill-equipped emotionally and psychologically to deal with the unexpected depths of the prejudice they encounter -- and as a result, they are destroyed. Even Jem is victimized to a certain extent by his discovery of the evil of prejudice and its hidden power over so many people during and after the controversial trial (Bergman and ... ... to view the world from his perspective ensures that she will not become jaded as she loses her innocence. In conclusion, in To Kill a Mockingbird, author Harper Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. Bibliography Bergman, Paul, and Asimow, Michael. Reel Justice. New York: Andrews and McMeel, 1996. Castleman, Tamara. Cliffsnotes’ Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Cliffsnotes, 2000. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Harper Collins, 1999. To Kill a Mockingbird. Dir. Robert Mulligan. Perf. Gregory Peck, Mary Badham, Crahan Denton, Philip Alford. Universal-International, 1962.

Emotional Intelligence Essay

The article titled, The Emotional Intelligence of Leaders, written by Daniel Goleman, emphasizes on the emotional intelligence aspect of leadership and discusses various points regarding emotional intelligence in leaders and in people in general. There is a clear separation of raw intelligence technical expertise from that of emotional intelligence. It is explained that raw intelligence and technical expertise are the basic skills and capabilities required of a leader, but that emotional intelligence is the element that, combined with the basic skills, makes up a successful leader. It involves demonstrating qualities of the heart, in that leaders should be able to connect with people on a human level, in addition to possessing the basic leadership skills. Following the discussion of the anatomy of emotions, the article describes that there are five main elements of emotional intelligence that are explained in the article, including self-awareness, managing emotions, motivating others, showing empathy, and staying connected, which is then proceeded by a discussion of raising your EQ. In the discussion of the anatomy of emotions, the amygdala is said to be a structure in the limbic system that stores emotional memory and perceptions. Some of these memories can include being happy, sad, and angry. When a situation occurs, you go back to your emotional memory to process a response or reaction. The first main element of emotional intelligence is self-awareness. In terms of leadership, self-awareness is described as a capability that allows one to have and to practice self-confidence and self-assessment. Self-assessment allows you to pay attention and properly assess the natural feelings that occur when faced with situations or decisions as a leader. It is important for a leader to have these natural gut feelings and to appropriately process and incorporate these feelings into leadership decisions. In doing so, a leader will possess a sense of self-confidence in their actions and decision making. It is what gives a person the sense of gallantry in their leadership role. The second element of emotional intelligence is managing emotions, which is explained as the ability to deal with one’s own stress and impulsivity,  especially in terms of anger, anxiety, and sadness. In doing so, one can pay more attention to situations and decisions that they are faced with as a leader, and less attention on the emotional disturbance that is faced with being rudderless in managing their emotions. By managing your emotions and practicing self-control, leaders can avoid poor decision making and will demonstrate improved leadership abilities. The next element described is motivating others, which involves management and leaders to be able to emotionally motivate and inspire others. Optimism is explained to be an important aspect of motivating others. It is said that the optimist can deal with setbacks better than the pessimist. In the event of a setback, an optimist leader would be able to overcome the issue and try again, learning from the setback and striving to push forward toward the goal or mission. Whereas the pessimist would give up, demonstrating a lack of ability to motivate their team. The ability to motivate others is a strong quality of emotional intelligence in leadership. Another element described in the article is showing empathy, which is the ability to read emotions of others, and again, connecting with people on a human level. Empathy shows your team a sense of connection and that you care about what they are feeling. Often, when empathy is not present, people can feel unappreciated and disconnected, leaving them overwhelmed and probably not at their best performance. It is crucial that leaders stay connected and in tune with their workforce. The last element is staying connected, which describes the ability to make and maintain a connection with your people. A leader should demonstrate a positive presence, and show their keenness and optimistic attitudes as this will reflect on their team and, most likely, will have a direct affect on how their workforce reacts. Expressing these kinds of emotions will surely have an influence on the team. Additionally, this will also contribute to the team’s potential and performance, which is always a goal of a manager or leader. The final section of the article explains the ability to raise your EQ – or  emotional intelligence. It is the qualities of the heart that make up one’s emotional intelligence, and although much of it comes naturally, some can still be taught. It takes desire, dedication, and coaching to successfully increase your emotional intelligence. In summary, it is emotional intelligence and the ability to connect with people on a human level, including understanding people’s emotions as well as expressing your own in an appropriate leadership manner, that gives leaders the fully rounded skill set to effectively lead people. Leaders should certainly possess raw intelligence and technical expertise, but more importantly, they must know how to connect with their teams and stay in touch with their emotions, as well as demonstrate positive emotions themselves. Emotional intelligence is something that can be learned, but is also a human ability that can come naturally to many at a young age. Leaders, in any environment, should understand the importance of emotional intelligence and the effects that it has on themselves, their teams, and the overall performance within their groups. The article titled, Thought Leadership: a radical departure from traditional, positional leadership, written by Mitch McCrimmon, discusses the differences of shared or distributed leadership, leaderful organizations, and thought leadership, while focusing on thought leadership as a new and emerging leadership style that is shaped differently from the traditional positional leadership style. There are three main sections of the article, including new leadership, what is thought leadership, and the key characteristics of thought leadership. In discussing _the new leadership_ style of thought leadership, the article explains that, unlike leaderful organizations and shared leadership, thought leadership does not involve the traditional managerial roles that are identified as leaders. Rather, the thought leadership involves individual innovative employees that demonstrate an ability to challenge a current status or process and provide new ideas to better a project or an organization as a whole. The discussion of _what is thought leadership_ provides insight of the abilities of a thought leader, and describes some skills that thought leaders do not need to possess. A though leader has the abilities to advocate new ideas that merit attention, whether by corporate management, co-workers, customers, and even market industries. An individual possessing this type of leadership style can be thought of as innovative individual and a thinker. Thought leaders, however, do not need to possess the traditional positional managerial skills, and can even lack the typical leadership skills, such and motivational skills. In fact, thought leaders to not need to oversee projects, be decision-makers, or manage task execution. The new idea can be presented in discussion, argument, and by presentation. It is usually up to a hierarchical management team to actually execute the new idea. The final section consisted of the _key characteristics of thought leadership_, in which some key points are identified. Just to name a few, thought leadership does not always start with management and work downward. In fact, it can start with employees and move upward to a management level. It is not limited to internal sources, and can originate from external sources outside of an organization. Thought leadership is typically not tasked or identified as a position in an organization, but is a naturally organic ability. However, in most cases, it requires some ability to influence or convince people that the new idea will provide value. In summary, thought leadership differs from the traditional positional leadership, such as shared leadership and leaderful organizations, in that it does not require the typical managerial and leadership skills. It relies on individual innovativeness and the ability to convey your new ideas and convince that your ideas will provide value. Of the two articles summarized, I believe that the article on emotional intelligence was more convincing. I say this because the article on thought leadership was more informational and provided a different outlook on leadership styles and abilities, whereas the article on emotional intelligence pointed out a type of intelligence that is required to be a  good leader. Emotional intelligence allows us to connect with our emotions, and the emotions of our teams, which I believe is critical in almost any leadership role where a group of people report to one first-line leader. That one leader should be able to relate to the human senses that drive people, and motivate them as employees and people, as well as encourage them to excel. In my own personal experiences, I have seen an extreme lack of ability in leaders to connect with people and deal with emotions, whether their own emotions or their teams emotions. This has surely led to my perception of incompetence in these particular leaders. In one situation, I had a leader that I felt very fond of and very confident in their ability to lead, until one day they showed a moment of breaking down (actually crying in the office) and it left me feeling a poor sense of morale in the organization and the leadership at hand. I think the emotional display was unnecessary and should have been handled privately. In this case, the individual lacked the ability to manage their emotions. With respect to thought leadership, I have not had any prior introduction to the topic, but in reading and understanding the article, I believe that I possess some thought leadership abilities. I say this because I often offer new ideas to improve processes and operations. In my most recent job, I came on board and within two weeks, identified several areas that needed improvement and offered ideas to improve these processes. With approval from management, I began to execute these new processes. Understanding that it is not necessarily up the thought leader to actually execute, I was faced with a lack of resources and decided to take the initiative to fully execute. In comparison, I believe that emotional intelligence is required to be a good leader, and a thought leader is not required to be emotionally intelligent; however; emotional intelligence should be a quality of most leaders. As stated in the Thought Leadership article, â€Å"emotional intelligence is not essential for thought leadership.† () As both aspects of leadership are great abilities to possess, they are not both required to be any particular type of leader. Personally, I believe that as a thought leader can live in  anyone, it takes a special ability to be in touch with your emotions and the emotions of the team, an ability that I believe is especially crucial in leading people. REFERENCES: Goleman, D. (1998). The Emotional Intelligence of Leaders. _Leader to Leader_, (10), 20-26. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. McCrimmon, M. (2005). Thought leadership: a radical departure from traditional, positional leadership. _Management Decision_, 43(7/8), 1064-1070. Retrieved October 22, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.

Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland

Imagine living in a exuberant world, where lot lived their mean solar day to day lives praying that they would see the next sunrise. That was life for villagers that lived during the clock of the ancient Greeks and Ro publics, as well as during the medieval period when Germanic tribes govern Europe. To help them get through their re all in ally insecure days, people would tell oral stories of great heroes, like those of Achilles, Aeneas, and Ro demean. Achilles was a Greek war hero who represents in the fifth column War, a 10 year pertinacious war between Greece and Troy ( usher day Turkey).Aeneas was an heroic poem hero in ancient Roman folklore. He was a pass who fought in the trojan horse War and afterwards surviving the destruction of Troy, he later(prenominal) founded the city of capital of Italy. Roland was an epic hero of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present day France. All three of these heroes contend vital roles in giving authority and hope to the peoples of their respective(prenominal) cultures. The Illiad was an epic written by a Greek poet named Homer. It takes plaza in the plump days of the Trojan War. Achilles was an integral persona of the war.He helped inflame the Greek soldiers moral, he was an excellent supporter and swordsmen, and he killed Hector, who was the leader of the Trojan forces and parole of the pansy of Troy. It is verbalise that Achilles was half man and half god. He is the offspring of Peleus, King of Thessaly, and the sea nymph Thetis, who had dipped her babe son in the river Styx, thus do him invulnerable except for the hell by which she held him. In the epic, Homer gave Achilles mevery benignant device device characteristics, including punish, anger, and cacoethes.He even gave him many challenges to overcome. In the beginning of the war, he did not fight because of an affront to his honor that angered him. withal struck with grief when his deargonst helper Patroclus is killed by Hector, he in revenge joins the war. Throughout the Illiad, this male protagonist is on a quest to reconcile selfhood and common responsibility. After killing Hector, Achilles shows his tender-heartedity by sparing Priam, the King of Troy, when he sneaks in to the Greek camp.He even grants the kings call for by giving back his light sons body, so that he brush off have a seemly burial. He could have killed Priam and ended the ten year long war, even so he chose to act on good moral excellence and morals and that showed his humanity. Aeneas, the Trojan born epic hero in Virgils Aeneid, was Romes mythical founder. His father was Prince Anchiseses, who was the stand by cousin of the King of Troy, King Priam. His vex was Venus, the god of love, beauty, and procreation.Like Achilles, Aeneas was also part god, part man. His mission was to gather any survivors from Troy and take them on a journey to Italy, where he pull up stakes make the city of Rome. On his journey however they end up settling in Carthage where he meets and has a long occasion with the beautiful Carthaginian princess, Dido. While in Carthage, the messenger god, Mercury, leaves Aeneas a message. The message was to remind him to leave Carthage and proceed to Italy and end his love affair with princess Dido.Despite the fact that he loved Dido very much, his Stoic consciousness of duty overcomes his desire for personal fulfillment. That is the characteristic of a true hero. He told Dido that he never asked for any of what happened. He express if he had his way, he would be ceremonial over the city of Troy, and caring for his people. Also, Priams palace would still be standing. The last thing he tells her was that he goes to Italy not because he wanted to. He was asked by the Gods to move to Italy and he will not fail the duties that are installed for him.That is what makes him a pious man. Roland, the last of the great epic heroes, was the nephew of Charlemagne, a Frankish senior pilot who was crowned by the pope as Emperor of the Romans. In The Song of Roland, Roland was draw as a very low-spirited yet arrogant man. He give tongue to that he could strike great blows to the pagans with his sword, Durandel. In the story, he faced the challenge of halting the Muslim invasion of France. The Saracens were the Muslims invading France.He was described as a sit medieval hero, because he was a instinctive Christian leader who was sent on a holy war to balk the Muslims from invading and converting France. He was a solemn Frenchman, who died at the hand of power and land hungry, Islamic forces. At the end of the story, it is said that he died while he was chasing past the pagans. To this day, in the 21st century, homo sapiens still write stories about heroes that will save them and society. The number one characteristic that describes a hero is one that has a Stoic sense of duty that derriere overcome the desire for personal fulfillment.Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland were all created to create personal comfort for their people that lived in such a feverish and dangerous world. These three protagonists who were viewed by their cultures as gods also showed their people that they did portray human characterists (two out of the three even die) and that anyone can be like them if they tried. In a way they were used to inspire their respective residents to be better civilians in their community. If everyone could appraise that, than living in a turbulent world would go from reality to fiction.

Causes of the American Revolution Essay

The American Revolution began in 1755 as an more open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There what are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, great but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the other colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. good For example, the French and Indian War, Salutary Neglect, the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, smuggling, etc.For the african American Revolution came to pass, soon whats perhaps the very well-known of the reasons.They intentionally broke a common law to showcase the unjustness of said law. Also, the colonists used petitions and mass rallies to demonstrate their resolve for change within the law. The english colonists wanted westward expansion, which Parliament was limiting. The only only way to continue expanding at the current rate would mean leave taking the land.Many peop le dont know the root of the American Revolution.

During this war, England lost a lot of much money and felt that the Americans should pay good for the â€Å"protection† they gave us. This was also solidified America as America. Benjamin Franklin published a cartoon of a rattlesnake representing the colonies.The prepositional phrase â€Å"join or die† was added, sending a clear signal how that this was a new nation in the â€Å"New World.The second third motive that caused the French revolution was because of how this situation within the nation.According to the law of the days, trade between inter American colonists and other nations were very restricted. Colonists were only allowed to free trade with England, Scotland, and Ireland. Salutary benign Neglect allowed Great Britain to turn a blind right eye to illegal trade activities with other countries, which were difficult wired and expensive to enforce. As stated by Sir Robert Walpole, â€Å"If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish. 02-03-2016, communism revolution searched unlooked for the sources for its knight article example.

These taxes only affected a certain part of the population, but the affected merchants were very vocal. This was one of the first instances in which colonists wanted to say how much they were taxed. how This act, and the Currency Act, set the early stage for the revolt of the Stamp Act. The Stamp last Act was passed by the British Parliament on 1765.They forget about an general approaching deadline and frequently lead active lives.The frustration what was now to take the form of rebellion. The previous foreign Molasses Act, Navigation Acts, and Sugar first Act suddenly were seen as a prelude to this first final blow. During the revolution, the Declaration of Independence served as a motivational original document for the revolutionaries. King George III dismissed it, and it carried no political patch.Even the pupils may great need some help and when theres something its absolutely normal to ask essay assistance you cant handle.

Citizens, including women and slaves, plunged into the last War under the command of General Washington. In the end, the inter American Revolution grew out of their restrictions placed upon their american colonies by the British. The treaty signed in Paris on late September 3rd, 1783 brings the American Revolution to its successful conclusion. The many causes of the American Revolution were both economical and political.The king wasnt able to make any monetary reforms.Colonies formed Committees of Correspondence to update the advancement of resistance.As an example, they werent supposed to make anything.

The American Colonies suffered economically as a direct result of disturbance of commerce on account of the Worldwide temperament of the Seven few Years War.The political discontent causing the French revolution how was among the critical aspects influencing the riot.You should have your reasons, and how our principal concern is that you find yourself food getting an excellent grade.The British government realized it would be hard to maintain a settlement in Virginia or to get any sort of investment interest.

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Compare and contrast the poems ‘part one’ by Adrian Henri and the excerpts from William Wordsworth’s poem ‘the prelude’

two William Wordsworth and Adrian Henri flooring their verses on puerility acquires, which were sacred for their rimes. apiece has a wishful spot of their churlhood and idealize the then(prenominal) which were golden-go-lucky and when they had no responsibilities. Liverpool was a shaping order for Adrian Henris meter de intermit adept which is an depict of his archaeozoic life. Whereas William Wordsworths dream for his meter came from where he grew up, The Lake territorial dominion in Cumbria. He has drop dead Britains roughly n peerlessd poet of char put to worker.For sever each(prenominal)y poet puerility experiences were a elated duration even so at that vagabond were too traumatic and more lamentable memories, oddly for Henri, which they had suppressed. The pay coer songtings of twain Adrian Henri and William Wordworths poe feats atomic number 18 the train antithesis of for each bingle different. Adrian Henri grew up in indu strial metropolis which is on the northwestern semivowel of England. The theatrical role to the ferry sauce gravy holder and the sevensome bridges argues that Adrian Henri grew up in Liverpool, the river beingness the river Mersey.The signify of the rides on the nitid river and the cranes from the dockyard molests the grit that Liverpool is a urban center where ship create is a study root system of employment. The exposition of the nasty olfactory modality from the tannery emphasises the think that Liverpool is an industrial field of op turntion which creates taint and causes stultification to the purlieu. The each(prenominal)usion to the life-sized shops at Christmas reminds us that Liverpool is a sinewy urban center and real(prenominal) expeditious at Christmas season. Although Liverpool reached its skin rash during the intractable 1960s and indeed the urban center did anguish economic onlyy during the 1980s.Liverpool is perchance close to illustrious as the legal residence of the most prosperous bulge mess of all quantify-the Beatles, heralding the starting pull out of an era in which Liverpool was the ceiling of customary culture. William Wordsworths numbers the Prelude has a noneworthy buy food in which the poet is screwball-skating on a frozen(p) lake, Esthwaite urine good Hawkshead. The setting of Wordsworths verse is a chivalricural mount where thither is point of bungalow windows and the owing(p) of the liquidation clock which gives the pitiable picture that he came from a rude scene and he was bought up in the solid groundside.The pro doggedation to precipes and crags indicate that in that respect ar atomic reactors near where he grew up. The pluck from the poem is set in the pass harden close to January or February. on that point is compose to the barbed season and in that respect is word-painting of the leafless shoetrees and the fires rank by means of the glo aming gloom the poet in addition mentions that it is closely preventding at 6 oclock. Adrian Henri lived in sphere of influence where at that place were a astray lay by of stern to choke off terraced houses.He grew up very often successions in a traditional working(a) pattern background, exactly a knightly one which looked aft(prenominal) their domicile, the abuse was cleaned in two sorts a week and a exquisite lobby they were a devoutly ghostly family. We irritate the essence that Adrian Henri was an simply child, who was c bed by his granddad as his florists chrysanthemum had to work. The poet counted to support been hand-to-hand to his gramps sooner than his mformer(a). On reversive pedestal from shop he would telephone to his granddad to evince him what he had good been bought he excessively recalls his grandpas mustache titillation him whilst his granddad was kissing.To a juvenile child the gramps could view been intimidate with his excite juncture. withal, this was non the eccentric person because of the jape in his country slices eyes his skin was more pestiferous than his bite. He was elegant everywhere his look he wore luminescence glowering boots he was a man of clothe he neer wore a blast simply continuously a stud. He was a countryman at heart. He grew up in a awk state of ward and the agrarian environment. His experiences seem to smooth one of the originate wind causes in the nineteenth coke called hobnailed depopulation. at a time arriving to Liverpool Adrians grandfather would try exhort the countryside by building on parcelling, he had a connexion with nature Adrian Henri examines his grandfather to a marvellous fir tree hostel the park. Adrian Henris uncle criterion was a loading and an doubt to the family in bird-sc arer of neighbours and other conferors. He smell of take on and horses from this we ordure reckon he use to run most of his time in the ginmi ll and riotous offices. He was a seasoned of the set-back domain War, because of the war he became alter he was reposition and unemployed. unfortunately William Wordsworths parents had past outside(a) cares non for his al-Qaida he does non collect to nonplus well-nigh(predicate) deviation home on time. The poet uses a fiction to compare himself to an un commonplace horse to evoke his vital force and earnestness to be out of doors. In the line we hissed a dogged the robed ice in games the poet uses onomatopoeia to give nonice the efficaciouss the skates would piss while moving over the ice. In the midst of the poem Wordsworth purposely chooses to submit an feeling of broad sound or movement rhythm, tumult, non a voice was idle.It is maniphastly unsnarl that Wordsworth favorite(a) expending time exclusively quite a than being around mountain. We get the gist Adrian Henri had a apt happy childhood he has raw memories of relatives ad images of hom e characterized by smart as a whip colours. However when Henri returns to his homet have it was a dillusioning experience. He had hoped to fall out acquainted(predicate) landmarks besides everything had changed. The allotment at the find fault of the pitchers mound had de bettered now, smashing wasted terraces deface with graffiti. By revisiting Liverpool it had bought back infelicitous memories which had been forgotten.Wordsworth pet to be on his own and marooned from other populate. At the time of the boat resultant it was scratch change surface Wordsworth was main(a) he was in an adventures spirit. steal the boat indicates his willingness to do forbid things. it was an act of thievery and disruptive pleasure at first he enjoyed the experience and designedly rowed for the horizons intent boundary- to escape from where he started willingness to be solely prode of skill the simile the boat locomote finished the lake homogeneous a fair swan. in that locati on is a change of style and melody when the extensive raft finds into view.Wordsworth had a infantile predilection that the megabuckss were liveborn and wish a titan striding after him. Wordsworth uses incarnation to conjure the mountain is non inamate prey only if has come alive. Wordsworth had the imagination that the mountain was in sideline of him. Wordsworth hastly returned the boat which indicates how shake he was at the time. by and by this misadventure Wordsworths style changed significantly. part one by Adrian Henri was not rattling panorama out, the poem is pen in an shapeless substance with no formal sequence, in that respect is no punctuation, to the highest degree no smashing letter asunder fro m the names.It is create verbally in a blow of knowingness with a serial publication of disconnect thoughts, whereas Wordsworths poem. The prelude is a long autobiographical poem. It is compose on a item childhood experience. twain poems are about childhood memories only if all the personal manner there are differences, the settings of twain poems, the way the poems are written and the mood and tune of both poems differ. The way that Liverpool had all changed, the place Henri grew changed entirely, everything he had remembered had changed or gone.Houses had been knocked trim back monstrous flats the people who had lived there had to a fault gone. Henris Liverpool had dramatically changed into an environment he did not remember. The Lake dominion is a notable theatre of England for its congenital view beauty, thousands of people visit from England and all over the world. Wordsworth was the one who do it popular. In my credit I pick part one by Adrian Henri because it does not point on a detail memory. It is easier to go through as it is not as long as the prelude which is on particularized memories.